Cayambis

Cayambis

Province: Pichincha
COMMUNITY: The Cayambis
LANGUAGE: Kichua
RHYTHM: THE SAN JUANITO OF CAYAMBE O SANPEDRITO

THE FEAST OF ST PETER AND PAUL
Each year takes place between 28 and 29 June, San Pedro and San Pablo, coinciding with the Catholic. At the summer solstice celebrations, initiation of the harvest, when the indigenous thanks so received to the sun represents strength and ancestral rebellion.

This celebration is moved between pagan and Catholic, the mystical and the agrarian, the ancestral and contemporary hues mixed with mestizos. It is called in various ways but it is lived more intensely in the Sierra, especially in northern and central areas.

THE DEVIL HUMA. - In Quechua Human Hague is not the version of evil, the devil who imposed the conquerors. It was and will remain for the indigenous communities of the Sierra synthesis of ancestral wisdom, experience and knowledge of the people, vigorous expression of their culture in the celebrations of the summer solstice, the initiation of the harvest, expression of the ancient strength and defiance.

LOS Aruchicos as a symbol of the ancient struggle, representing the strong and determined man, worthy descendant of his race, down from their communities to take the square, led by Haya Huma. There they ring the bells violently, thus starting the fight by taking the square as a symbol of an ancient struggle.

WOMEN OR Guarmis with her beauty and grace accompany their men, giving a combination of strength, beauty and proprietary content.

TYPICAL ATTIRE: The Cayambis maintain their traditional dress, language and other cultural practices. The women of this community wear a white gown embroidered by hand by themselves, carry several pleated skirts in bright colors and adorned at the ends with gold rivets, fastened with a sash at the waist, and, in addition wear a scarf or shawl of bright colors.

On their heads they wear pressed white hat wool or black shade cloth adorned with a handkerchief, and a golden hualcas, mullos of red and silver earrings.

PARTIES: The most important festivities indigenous roots of saints are kings, bulls of people commemorated with sticks greased, and, that of the dead, etc..

GEOGRAPHY LOCATION, LAND AND PEOPLE

GEOGRAPHY LOCATION, LAND AND PEOPLE

There are approximately 45,000 people in total living in Santiago River basins, Morona and Pastaza. Occupy the East of the Province of Zamora and Morona Santiago and south of the province of Pastaza.
"The Shuar nationality was originally settled in the area now corresponds to the province of Morona Santiago, then spread to the rest of the Amazon territory. They are currently also in the provinces of Napo, Pastaza and Zamora Chinchipe, reaching a population of 110,000 inhabitants. " (PRODEPINE 1,999)
In Pastaza, Jivaro Indians are now grouped according to the Nationality Shuar Federation of Pastaza, Fenashp in 28 communities belonging to three associations: Pupunás, Pastaza and Charip, with a total population of 5,500 inhabitants (2001) in an area of ​​approximately 300 000 hectares to the border with Peru.


Shuar communities in Pastaza are: Chapints, Unt Pastaza, Shaka, Kumai, Kuakaash, San Pedro, Kawa, San Jose, Numak, Paipuich, Jampis, San Rafael, Shakap, sharup, San Miguel, Timias, Yantaná, Peas, Nayumentsa , Kapar, Tesaraku, Uwijint, Nankauk, Yuu, Consuelo and Sake, all of these communities are located within Puyo-Macas road and on the banks of the Pastaza River in the south. Their territory is bounded by the number of families that make and is recognized by the authorities.

History of Civilization of Yumbos

History of Civilization of Yumbos


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Yumbo civilization (800 AD to the Spanish conquest in the 1660s) before the Incas. The Yumbos were peace-loving people, autonomous, independent, mature and open to external relations.

The Incas tried to conquer the Yumbos between 1520 and 1534, but those judged to be "naked people" and poor, retiring to Quito. The Yumbo finally accepted Spanish domination.

The civilization of the Yumbo apparently were killed by epidemics introduced by European invaders (15,000 died between 1560 and 1570), local wars and the eruption of Pichincha, particularly that of 1660 which covered Tulipe 20-25 cm. (8-10 inches) of volcanic ash.

The Spanish conquest:

The end of the Inca is given when the first Spanish in 1526, on the coast of Ecuador. According to Inca traditions, the return of Viracocha be given and that historical premise confused the Incas brave white man who accepted without much resistance. The war between Huascar and Atahualpa had also weakened and under the leadership of Atahualpa, who showed great vision and progress, the empire sought to develop in peace and improve their living conditions. Agriculture had taken great preponderance in the system of terraces that allowed leverage the rugged Andean mountains. Production was safe and people had to feed and to make offerings to its kings and gods.Trying to maintain the domain as vast territory, Atahualpa, Quito birth, settled in Cajamarca, a city midway between Cuzco, or the current Tomebamba Cuenca and Quito. Until then the Spanish came to dethrone him. The white bearded man looked like the representation of Mr. Viracocha who returned and the horse was a figure too imposing for the Indians who just know. Also experienced firsthand the presence of gunpowder and muskets, strange instruments for a community that clung to nature and did not know these advanced techniques of conquest.Blasco Nuñez de Balboa had opened the way to the discovery of the Pacific from Panama. Francisco Pizarro had heard of the Inca Empire under the name of "Viru" original word "Peru" as a land rich in gold. The pilot Bartolomé Ruiz brought in a rickety boat to the coast of Manabi. The rain scared the conquerors, but Pizarro, on the island of Gallo cited thirteen of fame by drawing a line on the floor. Those who followed Tropic advanced by inhospitable to reach the Peruvian desert and settled in Piura. They were divided into two expeditions, Pizarro went to Cajamarca and took Benalcazar Sebastian north to get to Quito where Rumiñahui dominated the last general resistance.The Spanish brought these lands a language other than what we assume as their own, a religion that knew neither Indo-Americans, a more advanced culture that came from the oldest continent where civilizations flourished as the Greek and Roman art technologies in the navigation and transport and, of course, a social organization based on individualism, so different Inca system which rather resembled a socialist organization where everyone worked for everyone and for the Inca.Simultaneously, came new concepts of art, architecture and cultural expressions which melted beautifully with the expressions of Indian culture. The weight of the Catholic religion was reflected in the first steps of the conquest, with each conqueror was a priest willing to Christianize the "heathen" natives. So, cities are built from a main square where they always had strong predominance the presence of a temple. The city of Quito became famous, and in the colonial churches, by the art of their imposing stone churches made indestructible, adobe and wood, with imposing domes, pulpits, chapels and altars bathed in gold leaf which looked paintings and sculptures impressive. At the present time we are still proud of those churches that make up an artistic school named as Quito and reflected in the paintings and sculptures of images of celestial beings and saints who rose from earth by his virtues. Experts say that the temples of the Audiencia of Quito are not inordinately large as in old European cities where the human being is crushed and belittled. Here is a measure facilitating relationship believer's spiritual contact with God. Furthermore, the architecture of that time managed to overcome the Quito topography full of ravines and crevices.The priests led the buildings and were responsible for the part concerning design but became indigenous labor, including their artistic abilities. The year was 1535 when he had his first Quito pastor, Juan Rodriguez, participant one year before the founding of the city. In 1550 came the Bishop Diaz to end the Cathedral. Earthquakes have failed to bring down Quito churches under constant restoration as true symbols of our culture and our history.What was said to Quito is also true for the provinces, although for obvious reasons the city of San Francisco de Quito was destined to be the cultural center of the country and one of the most important colonized America. In parallel, the monasteries and convents made to accommodate priests and nuns who went to manage the cultural treasures of the time, ie paintings, sculptures and religious ornaments that over time have been gaining value.In the 16th and 17th centuries were not only homes and mansions or palaces, but instead took great development the fine art of painting and sculpture. Fray Jodoco Ricke, a Franciscan friar advanced was the one who brought the first seeds of wheat to the Americas, founded in Quito the first School of Fine Arts and Crafts was called San Juan Bautista, which was later renamed Colegio San Andrés. It was the cradle of painting Quito and here come the first names of Indian artists like Andres Sanchez Gallque, who worked under the direction of Father Pedro Bedon, magnificent Creole priest training and educational spirit. Noting the social differences of the time created the Confraternity of the Rosary to unite Spanish, Creoles and Indians under the command of Mary, seeking to eliminate differences.In the 17th century there is the figure of Miguel de Santiago, religious extraordinary painter whose works are recognized worldwide. With it we reach the maximum height of the Latin American art of the time and takes shape before the critics, the Quito school. Was indigenous and adopted the name of their Hernando de Santiago. Is famous for its paintings on the life of St. Augustine. Let rest in the cloister of the convent, like the Virgin of Flowers and other paintings.Also emerged sculptors carvers and engineers also worked on religious themes in Baroque style and working primarily in wood. They painted with natural colors, but the emphasis was on the silver and gold.Here stand Diego Olmos, better known as mestizo artist Pampite and famous for its vivid crucifixes .. Also Juan Martinez Montanes.In Cuenca said a great sculptor named Gaspar de Sangurima whose images had unparalleled expressive impressionist.In 18th-century painters are Bernardo Rodriguez, Manuel Samaniego and Jaramillo, sculptors Bernardo de Legarda famous for its virgin winged and Manuel Chili, better known as Cascapicara.In the 19th century begins Salas painters dynasty that left masterpieces.

Ecuadorian Culture

Ecuadorian Culture

Define the cultural roots of Ecuador, is trying to find the identity of a people. By the way it responds to a dynamic process that occurs over time and influenced by various factors. To get to what we are, we first had to define a geographical area whose characteristics are the first to weigh in our humanity and our behavior as individuals and as a society.

The first factor to consider, then, is the territory where we have grown as Ecuadorian society, a territory inhabited from about 10,000 years BC. The first inhabitants had to develop a constant adaptability, since the first thing they had on hand was very lavish in nature but also aggressive. On one side the sea, with lush tropics where it was easy to cultivate the land with sufficient water, but at the same time has had to cope with typical tropical diseases easily transmitted. On the other hand a mountainous region with a variety of climates and microclimates as fit for survival but also affected by intense and explosive volcanism and seated in a real network faults.

It was in these two regions where the Ecuadorian man spent his entire way of being because in the eastern jungle and the Galápagos archipelago has been over migrant. The Amazonian well away small clusters of social evolution to influence the great nation of Ecuador. So then if we define our cultural roots better stick to the towns of mountains and coast.

Overall our character is that of a peaceful and laborious, but very little planner and previsivo. If the land was always good, the weather was much better. We've had four seasons, but rather two were never Contracting, temperatures never reached unbearable extremes and that allowed relatively easily survive giving us time to artistic pursuits always complementing rather unscrupulous and improviser.

The Aboriginal peoples mixed Spanish race accentuated this trend with latinismo that has earned us an explosive character, rowdy and disorderly. This brief description suggests or shows at first glance facets negative social behavior but also attest to a very creative and warm spirit adventurer who at some point has been the engine of our history.